The Globe<\/em> a few days ago. It seemed to apply primarily to people coming to the southern US border, mostly from Central America, but some from Venezuela and elsewhere in South America. They\u2019re getting stopped there.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAXWORTHY: We start from a basic premise that goes back to the Action Report that we issued almost two years ago. Its key finding was that many institutions aren\u2019t managing. Even the definition of a refugee goes back to the Second World War when large numbers of people were leaving the Soviet Union. The definition of a refugee in the 1947 Convention was: people fleeing political persecution. A protocol in the 1960s amended that slightly, but that doesn\u2019t encompass even what we\u2019ve talked about so far.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: Right. Economic and climate causes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: Economics, climate, drugs, and family law. The Central American countries have a strong traditional system of remittances. Many want to get into the United States primarily to get money back to their family. More money is transferred through remittances than through foreign aid. Some of these countries depend upon that currency flow as part of their budget. We are trying to regulate that and give it some form of orderly status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: So how can you change the definition of a refugee to include some of these other categories of misery that impel people to leave their homes?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: Metta, we\u2019ve puzzled about that. Right now, Rosemary McCarney \u2014 one of our council members who is the former Ambassador to the UN in Geneva \u2014 is setting up a group dealing with climate and displacement, climate and refugees, and seeing the connections. I think a lot of people are very nervous about trying to change the definition because they\u2019re afraid that if they open it up for debate, then it may become even more restricted than now. The UN is not functioning very well. The Russian and Chinese are basically trying to turn it back to the 19th century and under the Trump administration clearly the Americans were not very fond of the UN. There will have to be a major change to the convention. So we say: Let\u2019s not spend too much time getting into the legalities of that, but let\u2019s find other definitions that can apply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
We\u2019re having debates around the world about vaccination passports. If you go back to the First World War, when there were large numbers of displaced persons, they were given what they call the Nansen Passport. Nansen was a Norwegian that worked for the League of Nations. That simply meant that you could cross borders and have access to healthcare and education without necessarily having to be a citizen or even landed. That created a degree of flexibility and took the pressure off large movements of people. It meant that you weren\u2019t necessarily having to calculate this as part of your immigration numbers. It was just giving people certain basic rights when they\u2019ve been displaced. In the article that Allan and I did, we said that the ancient right of sanctuary goes back to early Biblical times. It\u2019s one of the oldest human rights in the history of humankind. We don\u2019t treat it that way anymore. It\u2019s becoming commercialized or militarized or politicized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: I had a conversation with people in what was Garry Davis\u2019s organization, the World Government of World Citizens, and they issue world passports. It\u2019s surprising how many times people have actually been able to use them as refugees to get into a country that would legally not accept them. They see this thing that looks like a passport so they let them in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: It\u2019s a world passport?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: Yes. It\u2019s the same idea as the Nansen Passport, isn\u2019t it? You just hope that nobody looks too seriously at its provenance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: In the Nansen case, it had legal standing, though it didn\u2019t necessarily have a pathway to becoming a citizen in that country. You were there because you were escaping or that you were trying to promote security for yourself and\/or your family. It meant that people had certain rights and just because they crossed a border, they shouldn\u2019t be losing those rights which, in fact, they do. We partner with a group called GIRWL, which is a sort of international networking of refugee women to share their experiences and talk about their concerns. We\u2019ve sponsored a couple of platforms for them so that they can provide dialogues on issues. And what they\u2019re reporting on, for example, is that with the epidemic they are no longer last in the queue because they\u2019re no longer even in the queue. They are stateless. In most countries, they are not given some kind of recognition or civil rights. So, when it comes to distribution of health equipment and vaccines, they\u2019re not in the queue nor even considered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: Are these young women who are fleeing because they\u2019re afraid of being sexually assaulted, forced into marriage, or something?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: Often they\u2019re with families and many of them have lost their husbands or their siblings or parents. One of the problems of displacement is that they\u2019re never sure where they\u2019re going to end up. So, whether you\u2019re escaping from Libya to Italy, for example, one out of ten who are on these routes, rafts, and boats drown. There were 1,000 drownings just last year of refugees coming out of Libya. Because we go back to Thomas Hobbes and the Leviathan state, once you establish a certain authority of the state, the prize is to be a citizen. You\u2019ve got some standing. You may be very low on the rung, but at least you have got certain basic rights. But if you are a refugee or displaced person, you have to be given that right. As a result, a lot of countries are cutting back and restricting. We\u2019ve seen the kind of deplorable things that Donald Trump and his crowd did in the United States, separating children from their parents. That was really medieval. Now we\u2019re facing the withdrawal of US forces from Afghanistan. The Taliban are running wild, targeting particularly young girls who have been going to school or those that have worked for the United Nations. The issue in Canada is how to bring interpreters and translators who worked with the Canadian forces? That\u2019s a very important category, but they\u2019re not the only people who have been targeted by the Taliban.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: If all the people who are really in danger were counted, how many are there? Are we talking 100,000 people?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: Or more. Look at what happened in Indochina when the Americans pulled out of Vietnam. Do you remember the massive number of people leaving in small sampans and boats? I was immigration minister for Canada at the time. We were involved in a good collaborative international effort. People were fleeing because they knew that if they were in any way associated with the Americans or the French or the white colonists, they were going to be imprisoned or maybe executed or killed. They certainly would not be given any privileges to make a living or go to school. We\u2019re in danger of seeing that happen in Afghanistan now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: How many boat people were there?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: I think it was 300,000 or 400,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: So, we might be looking at numbers like that now?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: Well, Pakistan, the closest neighbor, has said they\u2019re going to close the borders because they already have over a million Afghan refugees. They say they cannot take more. Many neighboring countries don\u2019t have the resources or public support for an open border.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: This has to be the time for re-thinking how to handle things on a mass scale. Even five years from now there could be famine because of global warming. The numbers will dwarf the current numbers. If we don\u2019t have a plan by then, it\u2019s going to be a hundred times worse. But where you are going to get the leadership for any kind of global initiative of that scale? Such a mindset would go in the opposite direction from these nationalistic people. Biden is a decent man, but his margin of political power is thin. He\u2019s not sitting pretty on mass support. He could lose in the midterm congressional election, so he can\u2019t do anything as bold as we need.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: One of the big problems Biden\u2019s facing is that the right wing are using the migration on the southern border as a club, saying: \u201cLook at all these people coming here.\u201d They\u2019re kind of fueling American xenophobia. We\u2019re calling for a regional approach to migration \u2014 a shared responsibility \u2014 with Canada, the United States, Mexico, the Central American countries, the United Nations actually working together. The first humanitarian requirements are the hundreds of thousands at the border without property security, safety, food, and education. What happens to these kids who are sitting in camps for two, three, or four years and are uneducated? Young, uneducated people are drawn into crime and drugs. Our proposal is to help the Biden administration by saying \u201cWe\u2019re all in this together, we\u2019re going to share responsibility, we\u2019re going to look at resettlement, and we\u2019re going to provide.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Canada has a well-organized immigration system. I was Immigration Minister in the early 1980s under Pierre Trudeau. The immigration laws have been overhauled, allowing for discretion to make policies. To retain public support for immigration, we must not have large numbers of people massing at the borders, so the Canadian system does most of our vetting and choosing in the countries of origin. As a result, there\u2019s lots of line-ups sometimes in some of the capitals of these countries, but you can have access to information there rather than having to fill out forms 3,000 miles away. That could be used in Central America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: Have you talked to Kamala Harris about this? She\u2019s in charge of that problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: Madeleine Albright, the former Secretary of State, is a member of this task force and she clearly has her connections. We\u2019ve had good conversations with the minister of immigration, Marco Mendocino, and the minister of international development, Karina Gould.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: We did an article about a year ago about the children crossing, not just the US border, but globally as a whole. Many refugees are underage \u2014 like 10 years old \u2014 travelling across the border with no adults. Is there any organization that takes care of these kids?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: UNICEF and the UNHCR have the situation on their radar, but they are underfunded. Also, a number of NGOs \u2014 Care Canada, the Norwegian Red Cross. Churches are probably the most important lifeline for a lot of these kids. They have special schools and sanctuaries. You put your finger on the fundamental issue \u2014 to look at the reasons for so many children being abandoned and on the refugee trail. We are recommending this as part of the task force on the Americas. I\u2019m an optimist. I have seen that you can actually make changes. As you know, when I was the foreign minister, we did the Landmines Treaty, which has saved a lot of lives. It had been impossible under the old system but we went outside the system. We worked with civil society. Many governments say: \u201cWe\u2019ll listen to NGOs.\u201d With the Landmine Treaty, we weren\u2019t listening<\/em>, we were partnering<\/em>. That was a big, big difference. If you are working in an integrated and connected way, the chance of innovating is higher.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAnd it wasn\u2019t just the Landmine Treaty. We used the same formula for the International Criminal Court, and for the protocol on child soldiers. It does take leadership, which is not present now, I think, because of COVID. Everybody is hunkering down and being concerned about their own population. One tragedy of our global system is that vaccines have been monopolized by wealthy countries, like our own. It\u2019s also stupid, because large numbers of people in poorer countries are not being vaccinated and they\u2019re going to be carriers of the virus, which will mutate. How many more mutations can you cope with? We\u2019re sitting on large supplies of vaccines on the shelf. Or if they go to a country through the international agreement called COVAX, how do you deliver it? How do you get the jabs in the arms? Where\u2019s the health personnel? Where are the public health systems? No man is an island.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: Right. And the response has promoted \u201cour country first\u201d nationalism. You have to close the borders, but then that\u2019s just one more sign of this nationalistic mentality rather than looking for global solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: That\u2019s right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: I wish the Secretary General of the UN could take bold steps, but that\u2019s not in the cards. What are the other options? Biden lacks the political capital for that kind of thing. I don\u2019t know how much support he would get.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: I think your analysis is right. And I think that\u2019s part of the issue. The UN has been stalemating because of opposition, particularly from the Chinese and the Russians, to international cooperation. To them, it\u2019s all a zero-sum game. They say: \u201cWe have a better system, look how we can do things.\u201d Well, we\u2019re learning how they can do things when it comes to epidemics and floods. And they\u2019re not so good. But to go back to your point, I think that I agree. I don\u2019t think the Secretary General provides much leadership. He\u2019s not approaching that of Kofi Annan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: Aside from his personal qualities, does the office carry the clout that it should? At this point in history, all of the major problems that we face just to survive as a species have to be addressed as a species and as a global community, yet at this moment people are looking inward and becoming tribalistic and nationalistic. I don\u2019t get it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: We\u2019re paying the price for some bad decisions. And all kinds of right-wing social media can come together now, which really poisons people. Look at people\u2019s reactions to vaccines and masks. Sheer insanity. The ability to connect has a lot of big plusses to it, but it also has some big negatives. The combination of having that technology to use and the mushrooming of hothouse-flower billionaires who are all going to space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: I wish we could revive a spirit of globalism, as opposed to nationalism. By the way, let me throw you a curveball. Yesterday, on the talk show a guest said that while you were foreign minister, China was able to change the way human rights issues were handled. Rather than using so-called \u201cmegaphone diplomacy,\u201d China insists that such conflicts as the current one over this Meng Wanzhou woman or these two Michaels should be handled bilaterally, behind closed doors, in \u201cquiet diplomacy,\u201d and without public kerfuffle. He said that you went along with that change. Instead of being the kind of problem to be dealt with in public at the UN, it is done bilaterally now, say between China and Canada. You had allowed China to change the terms of relationships about human rights. Does that make any sense to you?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: No. In fact, I don\u2019t know what you\u2019re talking about. Our approach said, \u201cLook, there\u2019s a lot of people that we don\u2019t like, or are adversarial, but you do have to talk to them.\u201d During the Cold War, we had to talk to the Soviets, and we have to talk to the Russians now about the Arctic. When it came to China, the Prime Minister would bring along a large delegation: \u201cTeam Canada.\u201d I was working on the other track, because we agreed that engaging actively on the economic front could open up possibilities on the human rights front. That was my portfolio. The one thing that we did do in negotiation with the Chinese government was to establish a very clear set of agreements and protocols on dual citizenship for around 200,000 Canadians of Hong Kong heritage. We negotiated an agreement that China would honor their rights. Well, in this last year they haven\u2019t done that. The two Michaels case has filled the room and we haven\u2019t been able to do effective diplomacy with China itself. So, rather than allowing China to change the rules, we changed the rules to provide protection for our own Canadians, which the present government should be doing as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: We were talking yesterday about what to do about China, which most of us consider ominous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: You have to do it in company with others, balancing containment against engagement. Somewhere in between is where you maintain your flexibility or your capacity to move one way or the other. Containment means to take them on. For example, there needs to be a much stronger effort at the United Nations to counter the influence of the Chinese. Not only around the Security Council table. They are taking over the agencies of the UN and resetting their mandates to be government-to-government, as opposed to supporting civil society groups and NGOs. The Chinese are placing people in various UN agencies \u2014 the World Health Organization, UNICEF, etc. \u2014 where they can instill the Xi Jinping\u2019s view, which is \u201cmight makes right\u201d and \u201cthe bigger the stronger.\u201d We should counter that, but we feel handcuffed by the stalemate and our inability to free the two Michaels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
I was a signatory to a letter from a number of former diplomats and ministers to the Prime Minister saying: \u201cLook, there\u2019s nothing wrong in negotiating. There\u2019s nothing wrong even doing quiet diplomacy.\u201d As foreign minister I dealt with cases where Canadians had been kidnapped. You do it. You don\u2019t go to the headlines. I think the case of the two Michaels was a setup by the Trump administration, but he\u2019s no longer there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Metta, how to come to grips with China these days is a huge issue, because of the economics at stake, and increasingly it\u2019s also environmental. They still have 1,000 coal-generated power plants and they\u2019re now the largest emitter of CO2<\/sub> in the world. If we don\u2019t get China on board \u2014 which is not easy to do, because they use the green argument to basically go in and take control and many of smaller countries\u2019 economies in Asia and Africa, even in the Americas. They get control of resources, minerals, trees, things of that kind \u2014 and particularly fossil fuels. They still are the largest user of fossil fuels. I\u2019m not sure that we can achieve that kind of balanced approach with China. I\u2019m always looking for those balances between two ends of the stick. We\u2019re handicapped now, not being able to do that.<\/p>\n\n\n\nSPENCER: Talk a bit about that little blue booklet that was on the World Refugee Council website. It is going to take a lot of clout to make those proposals happen. I just would love to think that Canada could contribute to that in some way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: Well, we have opportunities. We still have a good reputation. One thing in that report \u2014 the Action Report that we tabled \u2014 was the whole idea of taking frozen assets and repossessing them. The World Bank estimates annually about $20 billion at a minimum becomes sanctioned and frozen and are sitting in bags and piggy banks around the world by the despots, the war lords, the kleptocrats. We proposed that Canada ask the federal court to examine where there are frozen assets in our banks or other financial systems and repossess them or redirect them back to the people who have been victimized by those despots, warlords, and kleptocrats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Refugees are a good example. We\u2019re totally underfunded, and partly because of corruption, governments can\u2019t manage them. So, suppose you find a little treasure that Gaddafi left in a Canadian bank. A lot of the housing money on the West Coast is basically laundered money coming in. We felt that this would be a decisive way, first of deterring these kind of clowns in government who basically robbed their own people. And, second, it would be revenue to put back into their national system. So, Senator Ratna Omidvar brought a special resolution into the Senate last year that encompasses that particular idea. She\u2019s another member of our council. We were hoping to get it on the order paper now, but I guess with the election coming up that will be put off. We are working to see if political parties will have this in their election campaigns to do something about redistributing frozen assets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Now, if we were working through the UN, we could not have done that, because there would be vetoes. The problem with trying to do major initiatives at the UN is that everything goes down to the lowest common denominator and in the Security Council you get the veto power. But there are ways to work in a totally new universe where you can put different networks together. If copied by several other countries, the measure I just described would have a major impact on properly funding humanitarian needs and also deter the people who are putting other peoples\u2019 money in their piggy bank.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: That\u2019s a brilliant idea. But suppose later they come back to reclaim it. For example, the US holds or was holding a lot of Iranian funds, but as part of a negotiated deal, they gave some of it back. If later they unfreeze the frozen assets, it would be all gone. How do you make sure you\u2019re talking about assets that are really proper to confiscate completely?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: That\u2019s why the judgment or the adjudication that we propose should be through our federal court system. It would be in a financial vault somewhere, but they\u2019d determine if there\u2019s a reason for keeping it frozen. And whom should it go to if it\u2019s unfrozen? You don\u2019t want to go back to the nieces and nephews of the dictator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: Okay, what about using the Ottawa Process that you developed for landmines? Hold a get-together of like-minded states, with the support of various civil society organizations, and say: \u201cLet\u2019s form an agreement that we\u2019ll all generally do this?\u201d I don\u2019t know if you could call it a treaty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: You could. What we did in the Ottawa process wasn\u2019t rocket science. We simply said that: \u201cSomeone has to be a champion; some government has to take the lead.\u201d And as you recall, this coming fall will be the 25th year from the time I stood up at a conference in Ottawa on landmines and said: \u201cThis is going nowhere, but I\u2019m inviting you all to come back and sign a treaty a year from now.\u201d And as you probably remember, everyone thought I was crazy. But it worked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: Maybe we need a social movement to promote your Action Plan. Just waiting for somebody else to do it is no fun. What you\u2019re doing is important, so let\u2019s get behind you and push.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AXWORTHY: Thank you. I appreciate that very much, Metta. Thank you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SPENCER: It\u2019s been a delight talking to you again.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Peace Magazine‘s Metta Spencer spoke with Lloyd Axworthy about his role as chair of the World Refugee & Migration Council. The following is an excerpt. METTA SPENCER: Did I read that there are 80 million people who\u2019ve had to flee? LLOYD AXWORTHY: Actually, the latest numbers are 82 million. That\u2019s the UN count, not including […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[144,311,119,61],"ppma_author":[93],"class_list":["post-6786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-media","tag-idps","tag-north-and-central-american-task-force-on-migration","tag-refugee-women","tag-refugees","author-lloyd-axworthy"],"yoast_head":"\n
WRMC Chair Lloyd Axworthy IN CONVERSATION WITH Peace Magazine - World Refugee and Migration Council<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"WRMC Chair Lloyd Axworthy IN CONVERSATION WITH Peace Magazine - World Refugee and Migration Council\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Peace Magazine‘s Metta Spencer spoke with Lloyd Axworthy about his role as chair of the World Refugee & Migration Council. The following is an excerpt. METTA SPENCER: Did I read that there are 80 million people who\u2019ve had to flee? LLOYD AXWORTHY: Actually, the latest numbers are 82 million. That\u2019s the UN count, not including […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World Refugee and Migration Council\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/wrmcouncil\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-10-01T04:01:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-12-09T15:16:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/v37n4.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"382\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lloyd Axworthy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@lloydaxworthy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@wrmcouncil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Lloyd Axworthy\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimation du temps de lecture\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"19 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/news\\\/media\\\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/news\\\/media\\\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lloyd Axworthy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2caf8367c7c39f098a95e143c9ed1f94\"},\"headline\":\"WRMC Chair Lloyd Axworthy IN CONVERSATION WITH Peace Magazine\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-01T04:01:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-09T15:16:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/news\\\/media\\\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":4478,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/news\\\/media\\\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wrmcouncil.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/v37n4.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"IDPs\",\"North and Central American Task Force on Migration\",\"Refugee women\",\"refugees\"],\"articleSection\":[\"In the media\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-CA\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/news\\\/media\\\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/news\\\/media\\\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\\\/\",\"name\":\"WRMC Chair Lloyd Axworthy IN CONVERSATION WITH Peace Magazine - World Refugee and Migration Council\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/news\\\/media\\\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/news\\\/media\\\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wrmcouncil.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/v37n4.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-01T04:01:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-09T15:16:39+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/news\\\/media\\\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-CA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/news\\\/media\\\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-CA\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/news\\\/media\\\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wrmcouncil.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/v37n4.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wrmcouncil.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/v37n4.jpg\",\"width\":382,\"height\":500},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/news\\\/media\\\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wrmcouncil.org\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"WRMC Chair Lloyd Axworthy IN CONVERSATION WITH Peace Magazine\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/\",\"name\":\"World Refugee and Migration Council\",\"description\":\"Actions to Transform the Global Refugee and Migration Systems\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-CA\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"World Refugee & Migration Council\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-CA\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wrmcouncil.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/WRMC-logo_en-round-avatar.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wrmcouncil.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/WRMC-logo_en-round-avatar.jpg\",\"width\":313,\"height\":313,\"caption\":\"World Refugee & Migration Council\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/facebook.com\\\/wrmcouncil\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/wrmcouncil\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2caf8367c7c39f098a95e143c9ed1f94\",\"name\":\"Lloyd Axworthy\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-CA\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/?s=96&d=blank&r=g445d9317a5b790de0339c6f0a6d61946\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/?s=96&d=blank&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/?s=96&d=blank&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Lloyd Axworthy\"},\"description\":\"The Honourable Lloyd Axworthy is the chair of the World Refugee & Migration Council and one of Canada\u2019s leading voices on global migration and refugee protection. After a 27-year political career, where he served as Canada\u2019s minister of Foreign Affairs and minister of Employment and Immigration, among other postings, Mr. Axworthy has continued to work extensively on human security, refugee protection and human rights in Canada and abroad. He was presented with the Pearson Peace Medal by the Governor General of Canada in May 2017 and is a Companion of the Order of Canada. In his term as president and vice-chancellor of the University of Winnipeg, Mr. Axworthy initiated innovative programs for migrant and aboriginal youth communities, and has also done a great deal of work on refugee reform as a Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker fellow at Germany\u2019s Robert Bosch Academy.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/lloydaxworthy\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wrmcouncil.org\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/lloyd-axworthy\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"WRMC Chair Lloyd Axworthy IN CONVERSATION WITH Peace Magazine - World Refugee and Migration Council","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/","og_locale":"fr_CA","og_type":"article","og_title":"WRMC Chair Lloyd Axworthy IN CONVERSATION WITH Peace Magazine - World Refugee and Migration Council","og_description":"Peace Magazine‘s Metta Spencer spoke with Lloyd Axworthy about his role as chair of the World Refugee & Migration Council. The following is an excerpt. METTA SPENCER: Did I read that there are 80 million people who\u2019ve had to flee? LLOYD AXWORTHY: Actually, the latest numbers are 82 million. That\u2019s the UN count, not including […]","og_url":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/","og_site_name":"World Refugee and Migration Council","article_publisher":"https:\/\/facebook.com\/wrmcouncil","article_published_time":"2021-10-01T04:01:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-12-09T15:16:39+00:00","og_image":[{"width":382,"height":500,"url":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/v37n4.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Lloyd Axworthy","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@lloydaxworthy","twitter_site":"@wrmcouncil","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Lloyd Axworthy","Estimation du temps de lecture":"19 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/"},"author":{"name":"Lloyd Axworthy","@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/#\/schema\/person\/2caf8367c7c39f098a95e143c9ed1f94"},"headline":"WRMC Chair Lloyd Axworthy IN CONVERSATION WITH Peace Magazine","datePublished":"2021-10-01T04:01:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-12-09T15:16:39+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/"},"wordCount":4478,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/v37n4.jpg","keywords":["IDPs","North and Central American Task Force on Migration","Refugee women","refugees"],"articleSection":["In the media"],"inLanguage":"fr-CA"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/","url":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/","name":"WRMC Chair Lloyd Axworthy IN CONVERSATION WITH Peace Magazine - World Refugee and Migration Council","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/v37n4.jpg","datePublished":"2021-10-01T04:01:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-12-09T15:16:39+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-CA","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-CA","@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/v37n4.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/v37n4.jpg","width":382,"height":500},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/news\/media\/wrmc-chair-lloyd-axworthy-in-conversation-with-peace-magazine\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"WRMC Chair Lloyd Axworthy IN CONVERSATION WITH Peace Magazine"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/#website","url":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/","name":"World Refugee and Migration Council","description":"Actions to Transform the Global Refugee and Migration Systems","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-CA"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/#organization","name":"World Refugee & Migration Council","url":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-CA","@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/WRMC-logo_en-round-avatar.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/WRMC-logo_en-round-avatar.jpg","width":313,"height":313,"caption":"World Refugee & Migration Council"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/facebook.com\/wrmcouncil","https:\/\/x.com\/wrmcouncil"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/zunokscx.elementor.cloud\/#\/schema\/person\/2caf8367c7c39f098a95e143c9ed1f94","name":"Lloyd Axworthy","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-CA","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=blank&r=g445d9317a5b790de0339c6f0a6d61946","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=blank&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=blank&r=g","caption":"Lloyd Axworthy"},"description":"The Honourable Lloyd Axworthy is the chair of the World Refugee & Migration Council and one of Canada\u2019s leading voices on global migration and refugee protection. After a 27-year political career, where he served as Canada\u2019s minister of Foreign Affairs and minister of Employment and Immigration, among other postings, Mr. Axworthy has continued to work extensively on human security, refugee protection and human rights in Canada and abroad. He was presented with the Pearson Peace Medal by the Governor General of Canada in May 2017 and is a Companion of the Order of Canada. In his term as president and vice-chancellor of the University of Winnipeg, Mr. Axworthy initiated innovative programs for migrant and aboriginal youth communities, and has also done a great deal of work on refugee reform as a Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker fellow at Germany\u2019s Robert Bosch Academy.","sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/lloydaxworthy"],"url":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/fr\/author\/lloyd-axworthy\/"}]}},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/v37n4-382x400.jpg","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/v37n4.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Lloyd Axworthy","author_link":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/fr\/author\/lloyd-axworthy\/"},"authors":[{"term_id":93,"user_id":4,"is_guest":0,"slug":"lloyd-axworthy","display_name":"Lloyd Axworthy","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Lloyd-Axworthy-1.png","url2x":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Lloyd-Axworthy-1.png"},"0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6786","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6786"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6786\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6786"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6786"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wrmcouncil.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=6786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}